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1.
Braz. j. biol ; 842024.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1469316

ABSTRACT

Abstract The antioxidant activity of Tetragonisca angustula honey (TAH) and its ethanolic extract (TAEE) were investigated. The total levels of phenolic (TPC) and flavonoids (TFC) were also evaluated. The results for TPC were 19.91 ± 0.38 and 29.37 ± 1.82 mg GAE g-1 and for TFC 0.20 ± 0.02 and 0.14 ± 0.01 mg QE g-1 of TAH and TAEE, respectively. Antioxidant activities were 73.29 ± 0.49% and 93.36 ± 0.27% in the DPPH assay and 71.73 ± 4.07% and 97.86 ± 0.35% in ABTS+ for TAH and TAEE, respectively. The total reducing activity was determined by the method of reducing power (PR) and iron ion (Fe III) and the results varied in PR from 151.7 ± 25.7 and 230.7 ± 25.2 mg GAE L-1, for TAH and TAEE respectively and for (Fe III) in EC50 0.284 in TAEE and 0.687 in TAH. Chemical analysis by HPLC-DAD of the ethanolic extract (TAEE) revealed the presence of ferulic acid as majority phenolic component in the extract. The 1H NMR analysis confirmed this structure and showed the also presence of glucose, citric acid, succinic acid, proline and hydrocarbon derivatives. In addition, the botanical origin was also investigated and showed a multifloral characteristic, having found 19 pollen types with a botanical predominance of the Anacardiaceae family, with Tapirira pollen occurring as predominant (42.6%) and Schinus as secondary (25.7%). The results showed that T. angustula honey is an interesting source of antioxidant phenolic compounds due to its floral origin and can act as a protector of human health when consumed.


Resumo A atividade antioxidante do mel de Tetragonisca angustula (TAH) e seu extrato etanólico (TAEE) foram investigados. Os níveis totais de fenólicos (TPC) e flavonóides (TFC) também foram avaliados. Os resultados para TPC foram 19,91 ± 0,38 e 29,37 ± 1,82 mg GAE g-1 e para TFC 0,20 ± 0,02 e 0,14 ± 0,01 mg QE g-1 de TAH e TAEE, respectivamente. As atividades antioxidantes foram 73,29 ± 0,49% e 93,36 ± 0,27% no ensaio DPPH e 71,73 ± 4,07% e 97,86 ± 0,35% no ABTS+ para TAH e TAEE, respectivamente. A atividade redutora total foi determinada pelo método de poder redutor (PR) e íon ferrico (Fe III) e os resultados variaram em PR de 151,7 ± 25,7 e 230,7 ± 25,2 mg GAE L-1, para TAH e TAEE respectivamente e para (Fe III) em EC50 0,284 em TAEE e 0,687 em TAH. A análise química por HPLC-DAD do extrato etanólico (TAEE) revelou a presença de ácido ferúlico como componente majoritário no extrato. A análise de RMN 1H confirmou esta estrutura e mostrou a presença de glicose, ácido cítrico, ácido succínico, prolina e derivados de hidrocarbonetos no TAEE. Além disso, a origem botânica também foi investigada e apresentou característica multifloral, tendo encontrado 19 tipos polínicos com predomínio botânico da família Anacardiaceae, sendo o pólen Tapirira predominante (42,6%) e o Schinus secundário (25,7%). Os resultados mostraram que o mel de T. angustula é uma interessante fonte de compostos fenólicos antioxidantes devido à sua origem floral e pode atuar como protetor da saúde humana quando consumido.

2.
Braz. j. biol ; 84: e253599, 2024. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1355891

ABSTRACT

Abstract The antioxidant activity of Tetragonisca angustula honey (TAH) and its ethanolic extract (TAEE) were investigated. The total levels of phenolic (TPC) and flavonoids (TFC) were also evaluated. The results for TPC were 19.91 ± 0.38 and 29.37 ± 1.82 mg GAE g-1 and for TFC 0.20 ± 0.02 and 0.14 ± 0.01 mg QE g-1 of TAH and TAEE, respectively. Antioxidant activities were 73.29 ± 0.49% and 93.36 ± 0.27% in the DPPH● assay and 71.73 ± 4.07% and 97.86 ± 0.35% in ABTS●+ for TAH and TAEE, respectively. The total reducing activity was determined by the method of reducing power (PR) and iron ion (Fe III) and the results varied in PR from 151.7 ± 25.7 and 230.7 ± 25.2 mg GAE L-1, for TAH and TAEE respectively and for (Fe III) in EC50 0.284 in TAEE and 0.687 in TAH. Chemical analysis by HPLC-DAD of the ethanolic extract (TAEE) revealed the presence of ferulic acid as majority phenolic component in the extract. The 1H NMR analysis confirmed this structure and showed the also presence of glucose, citric acid, succinic acid, proline and hydrocarbon derivatives. In addition, the botanical origin was also investigated and showed a multifloral characteristic, having found 19 pollen types with a botanical predominance of the Anacardiaceae family, with Tapirira pollen occurring as predominant (42.6%) and Schinus as secondary (25.7%). The results showed that T. angustula honey is an interesting source of antioxidant phenolic compounds due to its floral origin and can act as a protector of human health when consumed.


Resumo A atividade antioxidante do mel de Tetragonisca angustula (TAH) e seu extrato etanólico (TAEE) foram investigados. Os níveis totais de fenólicos (TPC) e flavonóides (TFC) também foram avaliados. Os resultados para TPC foram 19,91 ± 0,38 e 29,37 ± 1,82 mg GAE g-1 e para TFC 0,20 ± 0,02 e 0,14 ± 0,01 mg QE g-1 de TAH e TAEE, respectivamente. As atividades antioxidantes foram 73,29 ± 0,49% e 93,36 ± 0,27% no ensaio DPPH● e 71,73 ± 4,07% e 97,86 ± 0,35% no ABTS●+ para TAH e TAEE, respectivamente. A atividade redutora total foi determinada pelo método de poder redutor (PR) e íon ferrico (Fe III) e os resultados variaram em PR de 151,7 ± 25,7 e 230,7 ± 25,2 mg GAE L-1, para TAH e TAEE respectivamente e para (Fe III) em EC50 0,284 em TAEE e 0,687 em TAH. A análise química por HPLC-DAD do extrato etanólico (TAEE) revelou a presença de ácido ferúlico como componente majoritário no extrato. A análise de RMN 1H confirmou esta estrutura e mostrou a presença de glicose, ácido cítrico, ácido succínico, prolina e derivados de hidrocarbonetos no TAEE. Além disso, a origem botânica também foi investigada e apresentou característica multifloral, tendo encontrado 19 tipos polínicos com predomínio botânico da família Anacardiaceae, sendo o pólen Tapirira predominante (42,6%) e o Schinus secundário (25,7%). Os resultados mostraram que o mel de T. angustula é uma interessante fonte de compostos fenólicos antioxidantes devido à sua origem floral e pode atuar como protetor da saúde humana quando consumido.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Honey/analysis , Antioxidants , Phenols/analysis , Brazil , Coumaric Acids
3.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 72(6): 2053-2058, Nov.-Dec. 2020. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1142284

ABSTRACT

Objetivou-se avaliar um programa de controle da artrite encefalite caprina (AEC), por meio de testes diagnósticos sensíveis, separação de mãe e cria após o parto e medidas de manejo, com o intuito de formar rebanho livre do vírus. Utilizou-se um total de 47 cabritos da raça Saanen, mantidos isoladamente até o resultado dos primeiros testes de reação em cadeia de polimerase nested (PCR nested) e Western Blotting (WB), com base na coleta de sangue no momento do nascimento (M0). No PCR nested, quatro animais foram positivos, no M0, e foram eutanasiados. Posteriormente, os demais 43 cabritos foram submetidos à coleta de sangue aos 60 (M60) e 270 (M270) dias de vida para realização de novos testes de WB e PCR nested, que não detectaram animais positivos. Pode-se afirmar que a metodologia adotada neste estudo foi efetiva no controle da doença, nas fases de aleitamento e pós-aleitamento, e que a combinação do sistema de manejo, a fim de propiciar diminuição de risco de transmissão horizontal, com técnicas de diagnóstico mais apuradas, como o WB e a PCR nested, é relevante para elaboração de plano estratégico de controle da enfermidade.(AU)


We aimed to evaluate a program to control Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis (CAE), using diagnostic tests, separation of the mother and postpartum and other management measures, in order to form a free flock of the virus. We used a total of 47 Saanengoats in isolation until the results of the first nested Polymerase Chain Reaction (nested PCR) and Western Blotting (WB) tests, based on blood collection at the time of birth (M0). In the nested PCR, 4 animals were positive, at M0, and were eliminated. Later, the other 43goats were submitted to blood collection at 60 (M60) and 270 (M270) days of life to perform new tests of WB and nested PCR, which did not detect positive animals. We can affirm that the methodology adopted in this study was effective in the control of the disease, in the phase of breastfeeding and post-breastfeeding, and that the combination of the management system, which allows a reduction of risk of horizontal transmission, with more accurate diagnostic techniques, such as WB and nested PCR, is relevant for the elaboration of a strategic plan for the disease control.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Goats/virology , Lentivirus Infections/prevention & control , Arthritis-Encephalitis Virus, Caprine/isolation & purification , Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary
4.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 71(3): 899-908, May-June 2019. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1011307

ABSTRACT

O objetivo da presente pesquisa foi avaliar o efeito da inclusão de semente de linhaça na dieta sobre a qualidade seminal e o perfil metabólico de machos caprinos. Foram utilizados 16 machos da raça Saanen, distribuídos aleatoriamente em quatro grupos, recebendo níveis de inclusão de semente de linhaça (0, 4, 8 e 12%) na dieta, durante um período de 60 dias. As coletas e as avaliações seminais foram realizadas duas vezes por semana. Os animais foram submetidos a coletas quinzenais de sangue, durante todo o período experimental. Os dados foram avaliados por ANOVA e pela análise de regressão a 5% de significância. Houve comportamento cúbico para motilidade espermática progressiva, que apresentou o maior valor (82,30%) com a adição de 9,92% de semente de linhaça na dieta (P<0,05). Houve comportamento cúbico para concentração plasmática de triglicerídeos, e o nível de 8% de semente de linhaça na dieta apresentou média de 43,32mg dL-1, acima dos valores normais para a espécie caprina (P<0,05). A inclusão de semente de linhaça na dieta de machos caprinos proporcionou melhora na produção espermática e na qualidade seminal. No entanto, devem-se considerar os possíveis efeitos dos níveis superiores a 4% de semente de linhaça sobre o perfil metabólico dos animais.(AU)


This study aimed to evaluate the effect of flaxseed inclusion in the diet of male goats through the semen quality and metabolic profile. Randomly allocated 16 Saanen males were placed into four groups receiving flaxseed inclusion levels (0, 4, 8 and 12%) in the diet over a period of 60 days. The collections and seminal evaluations were performed twice a week. The animals were subjected to biweekly blood collections from the beginning to the end of the trial period. The data were evaluated by ANOVA and regression analysis at 5% significance. A cubic behavior for motility, with the highest value (82.30%) with the addition of 9.92% of flaxseed in the diet (P< 0.05) was detected. A cubic behavior for plasma triglyceride concentration and the level of 8% of flaxseed in the diet averaged 43.32mg dL -1 above normal values for goats (P< 0.05) was detected. The inclusion of flaxseed in the diet of male goats improved sperm production and quality. However, one should consider the possible effects of the levels above 4% of flaxseed on the metabolic profile of the animals.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Goats , Flax , Diet/veterinary , Semen Analysis/veterinary , Animal Feed
5.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 66(4): 1089-1096, 08/2014. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-722583

ABSTRACT

Diante do escasso conhecimento morfofisiológico do trato digestório do Tamandua tetradactyla, este trabalho pretendeu esclarecer a morfologia do estômago dessa espécie. Utilizaram-se seis espécimes, sendo três machos e três fêmeas jovens, provenientes da área de Mina Bauxita Paragominas - PA, doados, após morte por atropelamento, ao Laboratório de Pesquisa Morfológica Animal (LaPMA). Os animais foram fixados com solução aquosa de formaldeído (10 por cento), seguido de dissecação, avaliação da topografia do estômago, com posterior descrição, mensuração e coleta de material para microscopia. As análises topográfica e macroscópica revelaram que o estômago, unicavitário, com presença de pequena e grande curvaturas, estava localizado no antímero esquerdo da cavidade abdominal, ligado cranialmente ao esôfago e caudalmente ao duodeno, e apresentou um aumento de superfície na região pilórica (toro pilórico). Histologicamente, era constituído por epitélio colunar simples (região glandular), epitélio estratificado pavimentoso (região aglandular), lâmina própria, muscular da mucosa, submucosa, muscular circular interna, muscular longitudinal externa e serosa. A região do piloro apresentou um grande espessamento da camada muscular da mucosa, e foram observadas nesta região fossetas gástricas profundas. O estômago de T. tetradactyla revelou características morfológicas macroscópicas e histológicas semelhantes às espécies domésticas e selvagens...


Given the limited morphophysiological knowledge about the digestive tract of Tamandua tetradactyla, this study aimed to clarify the morphology of the stomach of this species. We used six young specimens, three males and three females, from the area of Paragominas bauxite mine - PA, donated after death by trampling, to the Research Laboratory Animal Morphological (LaPMA). The animals were fixed with an aqueous solution of formaldehyde (10 percent), followed by dissection, evaluation of the topography of the stomach, with further description, measurement and collection of material for microscopy. The topographical and macroscopic analysis showed that the stomach was located in left on-timer of the abdominal cavity, connected entirely to the esophagus and caudally to the duodenum, was unicavitary with the presence of small and large curvature and showed a surface increase in the pyloric region (torus pylorus). Histologically it was composed of simple columnar epithelium (glandular region), stratified epithelium (aglandular region), lamina propria, muscular of mucous, submucous, muscular internal circular, muscular external longitudinal and serosa. The region of the pylorus presented a great thickening of the muscular layer of mucous, and deep gastric pits were observed in this region. The stomach of T. tetradactyla revealed macroscopic and histological morphological characteristics similar to domestic and wild species...


Subject(s)
Animals , Heart/anatomy & histology , Coronary Vessels/anatomy & histology , Xenarthra/anatomy & histology , Biometry , Thoracic Cavity/anatomy & histology
6.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 64(4): 935-942, Aug. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-647695

ABSTRACT

Este estudo teve como objetivo produzir um antígeno (Ag) a partir de cultura de células de membrana sinovial caprina (MSC) infectadas com o vírus de artrite encefalite caprina (CAEV), pela técnica de microfiltração seriada, substituindo a ultracentrifugação em colchão de sacarose (UCCS) para utilização em ELISA indireto (ELISA-i). Amostras de 188 soros caprinos, que previamente foram testados pelo Western blot (WB) com Ag UCCS, foram submetidas à análise pelo ELISA-i com o novo antígeno produzido, que mostrou concordância de 92% em relação ao antígeno UCCS. A sensibilidade e a especificidade do ELISA em relação ao WB foram de 95,6% e 88,5%, respectivamente. A nova técnica, criada a partir de microfiltrações, mostrou-se efetiva e de baixo custo para o diagnóstico sorológico de anticorpos para CAEV em comparação ao antígeno ultracentrifugado, e constitui uma alternativa viável para produção de antígeno purificado de lentivírus de pequenos ruminantes.


This study aimed to produce an antigen (Ag) from the culture of goat synovial membrane cells (MSC) infected by CAEV through serial microfiltering technique replacing ultra ultracentrifugation in sacarosis Mattress (UCCS) for the indirect diagnosis ELISA tests (i ELISA). Samples of 188 sera from goats previously examined by Western Blot (WB) with Ag UCCS were submitted to analysis by i ELISA with new antigen produced, demonstrating an accordance of 92% in relation to UCCS antigen. The specificity and sensitivity relating to WB were of 95,65% and 88, 5% respectively. The new technique created from the microfiltering is effective and with low cost for the serological antibodies diagnosis of CAEV comparing to the ultracentrifuged one, presenting, therefore, as a viable alternative for purified antigen of lentivirus in small ruminants.


Subject(s)
Animals , Antigens/analysis , Encephalitis , Oncogene Proteins v-sis/biosynthesis , Arthritis/veterinary , Lentiviruses, Ovine-Caprine , Immunoenzyme Techniques/veterinary
7.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 63(3): 753-756, June 2011. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-595596

ABSTRACT

The effect of substitution of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) by follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) in synchronization protocols of ovulation in dairy goats was evaluated. Twelve goats received intravaginal sponges impregnated with 60mg of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MAP) for 10 days. The sponges were removed and the animals were distributed into two groups (G): G1 (n=6) treated with 0.5mL of a synthetic analogue of PGF2 α and 100 IU of eCG for each 10kg weight, intramuscular injection (IM); and G2 (n=6) treated with 0.5mL of a synthetic analogue of PGF2α and 20mg of FSH (IM). All animals were monitored for estrus detection with aid of a ruffian after sponge removal. The ovarian dynamics were analyzed by ultrasound, since six hours after sponge removed. Each animal was analyzed in time elapsed of six hours until 12 hours after ovulation detection. For data analyses, the Wilcoxon test and variance analyses were used. There was not difference between the analyzed parameters (P>0.05). In this way, eCG can be replaced by FSH in synchronization protocols of ovulation in dairy goats.


Subject(s)
Animals , Follicle Stimulating Hormone , Gonadotropins, Equine/analysis , Ovulation , Reproductive Techniques/veterinary
8.
Rev. bras. plantas med ; 13(4): 375-381, 2011. ilus, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-611441

ABSTRACT

O milho (Zea mays L.) possui nos estigmas (cabelo de milho) substâncias que o tornam diurético, podendo ser importante no controle da hipertensão. No presente estudo, foi investigado o efeito do extrato aquoso (EA) do cabelo de milho sobre o fluxo renal de água (V) e eletrólitos e a pressão arterial (PA) em ratos Wistar anestesiados. Foram realizados 3 grupos: I) Controle - administração intragástrica (AI) de 1mL de água destilada; II) AI de 1 mL de EA de cabelo de milho a 20 por cento e III) AI de 1 mL de solução contendo furosemida. Canulou-se a artéria carótida esquerda para mensuração da PA, de 10 em 10 minutos, e a bexiga urinária, para mensuração de V de 30 em 30 minutos e da carga excretada dos íons sódio (Qe (Na+)) e potássio (Qe (K+)). Protocolo experimental: quatro períodos de 30 minutos cada: basal (avaliação dos parâmetros basais) e experimentais (Ex) 1, 2 e 3 (30, 60 e 90 minutos após a AI, respectivamente). O Grupo I não apresentou alterações significativas entre os períodos nos parâmetros analisados (p>0,05). O Grupo II apresentou aumento significativo (p<0,05) em V, em Qe (Na+) e em Qe (K+) nos períodos Ex2 e Ex3, com redução significativa na PA (p<0,05) em Ex2 e Ex3. Conforme esperado, o Grupo III apresentou aumento significativo em V nos períodos Ex2 (p<0,05) e Ex3 (p<0,001), aumento em Qe (Na+) em Ex1 (p<0,05), Ex2 (p<0,001) e Ex3 (p<0,001) e aumento em Qe (K+) em Ex2 (p<0,05) e Ex3 (p<0,001), com redução significativa na PA (p<0,05) em Ex2 e Ex3. Os dados mostram que o EA do cabelo de milho possui efeito diurético, porém não age como um diurético "de alça", uma vez que não levou à expoliação de potássio e nem a uma excreção tão acentuada de sódio quanto à furosemida.


The corn (Z. mays) has in its stigmas (corn silks) substances that make it diuretic, which may be important in hypertension control. In this study, the effect of aqueous extract (AE) of corn silks on the renal flow of water (V) and electrolytes and arterial pressure (AP) was investigated in anesthetized Wistar rats. Three groups were tested: I) Control - intragastric administration (IA) of 1mL of distilled water, II) IA of 1 mL of AE of corn silks at 20 percent and III) IA of 1 mL of a solution containing furosemide. Cannulation was performed in the left carotid artery to measure AP, at every 10 minutes, and in the urinary bladder to measure V, at every 30 minutes, and the excreted load of ions sodium (Qe (Na+)) and potassium (Qe (K+)). Experimental protocol: four periods of 30 minutes each: basal (evaluation of basal parameters) and experimental (Ex) 1, 2 and 3 (30, 60 and 90 minutes after IA, respectively). Group I had no significant differences between periods for the analyzed parameters (p>0.05). Group II presented a significant increase (p<0.05) in V, Qe (Na+) and Qe (K+) in periods Ex2 and Ex3, with significant reduction in AP (p<0.05) in Ex2 and Ex3. As expected, Group III had a significant increase in V in periods Ex2 (p<0.05) and Ex3 (p<0.001), an increase in Qe (Na+) in Ex1 (p<0.05), Ex2 (p<0.001) and Ex3 (p<0.001) and an increase in Qe (K+) in Ex2 (p<0.05) and Ex3 (p<0.001), with an important reduction in AP (p<0.05) in Ex2 and Ex3. These data show that AE of corn silks has a diuretic effect but does not act as a loop diuretic since it did not lead to potassium loss or marked sodium loss, compared to furosemide.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Body Water/chemistry , Electrolytes/chemistry , Plant Extracts/therapeutic use , Arterial Pressure , Rats, Wistar , Urine , Zea mays/adverse effects , Zea mays , Diuretics/adverse effects , Diuretics/chemistry , Diuretics/therapeutic use , Plants, Medicinal/adverse effects , Plants, Medicinal/toxicity
9.
Rev. bras. plantas med ; 12(3): 311-316, jul.-set. 2010. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-578969

ABSTRACT

Momordica charantia L. (Cucurbitaceae) é empregada na medicina popular pelas diversas propriedades biológicas e farmacológicas. Neste trabalho, objetivou-se avaliar a atividade hepatoprotetora dos extratos hexânico (EH) e etanólico (EE) das folhas de M. charantia no modelo de lesão hepática aguda induzida pelo etanol. Em ambos os extratos foram detectados esteróides; EH apresentou atividade antioxidante mais marcante que EE. O pré-tratamento de camundongos (Swiss, machos) por via oral por três dias consecutivos com 25, 50 ou 100 mg Kg-1 de EH preveniu o aumento tanto de AST quanto de ALT (p<0,05) enquanto o pré-tratamento com EE preveniu apenas o aumento de ALT (p<0,05). Ambos os extratos reduziram a atividade das enzimas hepáticas, contudo EH apresentou efeito mais relevante, caracterizando potencial hepatoprotetor, possivelmente associado ao seu potencial antioxidante.


Momordica charantia L. (Cucurbitaceae) has been used in folk medicine based on its several biological and pharmacological properties. The aim of this work was to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of hexane (HE) and ethanol (EE) extracts from M. charantia leaves on the acute liver injury model induced by ethanol. Steroids were detected in both extracts, and EH had higher antioxidant activity than EE. Oral pretreatment of male Swiss mice for three consecutive days with 25, 50 or 100 mg kg-1 HE prevented the increase in AST and ALT (p<0.05), whereas pretreatment with EE only prevented ALT increase (p<0.05). Both extracts reduced the activity of hepatic enzymes; however, HE had a more relevant effect, characterizing hepatoprotective potential, likely associated with its antioxidant potential.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Adult , Mice , Ethanol/pharmacology , Hepatoprotector Drugs , Hexanes/pharmacology , Momordica charantia , Plant Extracts , Analysis of Variance , Biomarkers, Pharmacological/chemistry
10.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 42(5): 397-403, May 2009. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-511335

ABSTRACT

We evaluated genetic variants of apolipoprotein E (APOE HhaI) and their association with serum lipids in colorectal cancer (CRC), together with eating habits and personal history. Eight-seven adults with CRC and 73 controls were studied. APOE*2 (rs7412) and APOE*4 (rs429358) were identified by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. APOE gene polymorphisms were similar in both groups, but the å4/å4 genotype (6 percent) was present only in controls. The patients had reduced levels (mean ± SD) of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol fraction (180.4 ± 49.5 and 116.1 ± 43.1 mg/dL, respectively) compared to controls (204.2 ± 55.6, P = 0.135 and 134.7 ± 50.8 mg/dL; P = 0.330, respectively) indicating that they were not statistically significant after the Bonferroni correction. The APOE*4 allele was associated with lower levels of total cholesterol, low- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol fraction and increased levels of very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol fraction and triglycerides only among patients (P = 0.014). There was a positive correlation between the altered lipid profile and increased body mass indexes in both groups (P < 0.010). Moreover, a higher rate of hypertension and overweight was observed in controls (P < 0.002). In conclusion, the presence of the å4/å4 genotype only in controls may be due to a protective effect against CRC. Lower lipid profile values among patients, even those on lipid-rich diets associated with the APOE*4 allele, suggest alterations in the lipid synthesis and metabolism pathways in CRC.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , /genetics , /genetics , Colorectal Neoplasms/genetics , Lipids/blood , Brazil , Case-Control Studies , Colorectal Neoplasms/blood , Gene Frequency , Genotype , Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length , Polymorphism, Genetic/genetics , Risk Factors
11.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 60(4): 1004-1010, ago. 2008. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-489847

ABSTRACT

Avaliou-se o efeito da inclusão de diferentes níveis (0, 5, 10 e 15 por cento) de bagaço de mandioca à dieta de 12 vacas mestiças leiteiras Holandês x Zebu (composição racial com variação de » a ¾ de sangue H x Z) com 478,5kg de peso corporal médio e com 100 a 150 dias de lactação, distribuídas em três Quadrados Latinos 4 x 4. Foi avaliado o consumo de matéria seca (MS), matéria orgânica (MO), proteína bruta (PB), extrato etéreo (EE), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), fibra em detergente ácido (FDA), carboidratos totais (CHT), carboidratos não-fibrosos (CNF) e nutrientes digestíveis totais (NDT). Forneceu-se silagem de capim-elefante como fonte de volumoso. As relações volumoso:concentrado utilizadas foram de 65,19:34,81; 61,59:38,41; 59,08:40,92 e 54,76:45,24. Formularam-se as dietas isoprotéicas e isoenergéticas. Houve aumento linear do consumo de MS, MO, PB, CHT, CNF e NDT, efeito quadrático do consumo de EE e redução do consumo de FDA com o aumento do BM, enquanto o consumo de FDN não diferiu entre os tratamentos.O bagaço de mandioca pode ser utilizado até o nível de 15 por cento de inclusão na dieta total de vacas mestiças leiteiras sem trazer transtornos fisiológicos ou nutricionais aos animais.


The effect of different inclusion levels (0, 5, 10, and 15 percent) of cassava bagasse to the diet of 12 Holstein x Zebu crossbred dairy cows (breed composition varying from » to ¾ H x Z blood), averaging 478.5kg body weight and 100 to 150 days in milk was evaluated. Cows were distributed in three 4 x 4 latin squares. The intake of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), total carbohydrates (TC), non fiber carbohydrates (NFC), and total digestible nutrients (TDN) were evaluated. Elephant grass silage was provided as roughage source. The roughage:concentrate ratios were 65.19:34.81; 61.59:38.41; 59.08:40.92; and 54.76:45.24. Isonitogen and isoenergetic diets were formulated. There was a linear increase in DM, OM, CP, TC, NFC, and TDN intakes, quadratic effect of EE intake, and a reduction of ADF intake with the increase of the BM; while no diference among treatments was observed for NDF intake. The cassava bagasse can be used until 15 percent inclusion level in the total diet of crossbred dairy cows without physiological or nutritional damage.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Cattle , Diet , Eating , Manihot
12.
Braz. j. biol ; 68(2): 315-320, May 2008. ilus, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-486756

ABSTRACT

Prey size is an important factor in food consumption. In studies of feeding ecology, prey items are usually measured individually using calipers or ocular micrometers. Among amphibians and reptiles, there are species that feed on large numbers of small prey items (e.g. ants, termites). This high intake makes it difficult to estimate prey size consumed by these animals. We addressed this problem by developing and evaluating a procedure for subsampling the stomach contents of such predators in order to estimate prey size. Specifically, we developed a protocol based on a bootstrap procedure to obtain a subsample with a precision error of at the most 5 percent, with a confidence level of at least 95 percent. This guideline should reduce the sampling effort and facilitate future studies on the feeding habits of amphibians and reptiles, and also provide a means of obtaining precise estimates of prey size.


O tamanho das presas é uma importante dimensão do nicho trófico. Em estudos de ecologia alimentar, os itens alimentares são geralmente medidos individualmente com o uso de paquímetro ou ocular micrométrica. Entre os anfíbios e répteis, há espécies que consomem grande número de itens alimentares pequenos (e.g. formigas, cupins). Esse grande número, por sua vez, torna a estimativa do tamanho das presas consumidas uma tarefa difícil. Desenvolvemos um método para colher subamostras dos conteúdos estomacais desses animais com o objetivo de obter estimativas de tamanho das presas. Especificamente, desenvolvemos um protocolo baseado em uma rotina de bootstrap que permite a obtenção de subamostras com erro de precisão de no máximo 5 por cento e confiança de 95 por cento. Esse método deve diminuir o esforço amostral e facilitar estudos futuros sobre os hábitos alimentares de anfíbios e répteis, além de fornecer um meio de obter estimativas precisas de tamanho de presas.


Subject(s)
Animals , Anura/physiology , Body Size , Food Chain , Feeding Behavior/physiology , Predatory Behavior/physiology , Algorithms , Data Interpretation, Statistical , Gastrointestinal Contents
13.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 58(4): 685-687, ago. 2006. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-438746

ABSTRACT

The frequency of antibodies to Neospora caninum (Protozoa: Apicomplexa) in dog sera was investigated. Blood samples from 100 mongrel dogs, captured in the streets of São Luís, State of Maranhão, were analized using imunofluorescent antibody test. Forty five percent of the dogs were positive, and the titers ranged from 1:50 to 1:800. No sex difference was observed for frequency of N. caninum (60 percent in males and 40 percent in females). This is the first report of antibodies to N. caninum in dogs from Maranhão.


Subject(s)
Antibodies/analysis , Antibodies/isolation & purification , Dogs , Neospora/isolation & purification , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect/methods
14.
Indian J Med Sci ; 2001 May; 55(5): 266-70
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-68824

ABSTRACT

This study was done to determine whether a relationship existed between maternal weight gain during pregnancy and the birth weight and if such a relationship did exist, to establish the minimum weight gain required for a normal birth weight baby. This was a retrospective study involving an audit of all antenatal records at a rural hospital and health centre. The records reviewed belonged to a period between '86-'99. About 2000 antenatal records were scanned and cases with complications and multiple pregnancy were excluded. The records reviewed pertained only to mothers who had delivered at this rural hospital. The final sample size was 935 mothers. The study revealed that a greater weight gain in second trimester resulted in a better birth weight (P < 0.05). Other factors that influenced the birth weight were: age (P < 0.001), regular antenatal check up (P < 0.05) and parity (P < 0.05).


Subject(s)
Adult , Age Factors , Birth Weight , Female , Fetal Growth Retardation/etiology , Humans , India , Infant, Newborn , Parity , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Trimester, Second/physiology , Prenatal Care , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Weight Gain
15.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 51(6): 523-6, dez. 1999. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-261084

ABSTRACT

A total of 30 strains of Fusobacterium sp. isolated from gengival sulcus of 28 equines was studied in the period between January/1997 and April/1998. Bacterial isolation and antimicrobial resistance were determined by biochemical analyses and by the disk elution method. The species most frequently isolated was Fusobacterium nucleatum. The following resistance rates were observed: 10 per cent for penicillin G, 87 per cent for eritromycin, and 97 per cent for sulfonamide. Theses results emphasize the need for monitoring the susceptibility patterns of this important bacterial groups frequently isolated from normal sites in equines


Subject(s)
Animals , Fusobacterium , Horses , Microbial Sensitivity Tests
16.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 50(1): 35-9, fev. 1998. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-265566

ABSTRACT

Testou-se a eficácia de três doses de flunixin meglumine, um anti-prostaglandínico que impede a regressäo lútea precoce, em 32 cabras, sob estro sincronizado com esponjas vaginais, por 11 dias, impregnadas com 60mg de acetato de medroxiprogesterona, e aplicaçäo intramuscular de 50µg de cloprostenol no nono dia da sincronizaçäo. Nesse dia, também, teve início a superovulaçäo das doadoras com 9mg de FSH, fracionadas em seis aplicaçöes, em doses decrescentes, com intervalo de 12 horas. Três dias após a retirada das esponjas, iniciaram-se os tratamentos (T) com flunixin meglumine, nas seguintes doses por aplicaçäo: T1=0,00; T2=1,10; T3=1,65 e T4=2,20mg/kg de peso vivo, em um esquema de oito aplicaçöes, intervaladas de 12 horas. As fêmeas foram cobertas por reprodutores de fertilidade comprovada e as colheitas dos embriöes foram realizadas por laparotomia, entre o sexto e oitavo dia após a última cobertura. Os sintomas de estro foram observados em 84,34 por cento das fêmeas após os tratamentos de sincronizaçäo e superovulaçäo, principalmente entre 12 e 36 horas da retirada das esponjas. A ovulaçäo ocorreu em 87,10 por cento dos animais. As porcentagens de corpos lúteos funcionais em T1, T2, T3 e T4 foram, respectivamente, 54,95 e 45,04; 98,06 e 1,94; 67,16 e 32,83; 80,41 e 19,58. As maiores porcentagens de recuperaçäo embrionária ocorreram em T2; 51,45 e T4; 49,48 e as menores em T3 e T1, 32,83 e 28,83, respectivamente, mostrando relaçäo positiva com os porcentuais de corpos lúteos funcionais. T2 e T1 apresentaram os maiores valores de embriöes viáveis, 64,15 por cento e 56,25 por cento, respectivamente, seguidos por T4, 45,83 por cento e T3, 36,36 por cento. A dose de 1,10mg/kg de flunixin meglumine apresentou melhores resultados


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Goats , Luteolysis
17.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 30(4): 287-294, jul.-ago. 1997. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-464372

ABSTRACT

Foram submetidos a exame clínico laboratorial de dermatofitose e inqueridos sobre o possível contato com cães e gatos 158 pacientes residentes na área urbana de Fortaleza, que apresentavam lesões suspeitas de dermatofitose. Esta busca associada aos dados obtidos em questionário permitiram identificar a freqüência de surtos domiciliares. Dentre os 83 dermatófitos isolados de infecções humanas, predominaram as espécies antropofílicas sobre as zoofílicas, tendo sido observado uma confluência de diagnóstico humano e animal em 100% dos casos de dermatofitoses zoofílicas humanas, onde foram identificadas as mesmas espécies no homem e nos animais contactantes: Microsporum canis e Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Já os pacientes portadores de dermatófitos antropofílicos variaram quanto ao contato com animais domésticos, não tendo sido isolado estes fungos de nenhum animal contactante. Diante da baixa freqüência de dermatofitoses zoofílicas, considerou-se que o convívio do homem com cães e gatos domésticos foi pouco representativo como fator condicionante da ocorrência de dermatofitoses no meio urbano.


There have been submitted to clinical exam in laboratory of dermatophytosis and inquired about possible contact with domestic animals (dogs and cats) 158 patients living in the urban area of Fortaleza, that showed lesions suspected of dermatophytosis. This search associated to the obtained data in questionnaires permitted us to identify the frequency of domicile outbreaks. Within the 83 people with dermatosis isolated of human infections, prevailed the anthropophilic species over the zoophilic ones, and that it was observed a confluence of human and animal diagnosis in 100% of the human dermatophytosis zoophilic cases, where the same species were identified in men and contacting animals: M. canis and T. mentagrophytes. As the patients carrying anthropophilic dermatophytosis varied as to the contact with animals, not having been these fungus isolated from none of the contacting animals. Before the low frequency of zoophilic dermatophytosis, it was considered that the intimacy of men with domestic dogs and cats represented was little as a conditional factor of occurrence of dermatophytosis in the urban environment.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cats , Dogs , Humans , Dermatomycoses , Dog Diseases/epidemiology , Cat Diseases/epidemiology , Microsporum , Urban Population/statistics & numerical data , Trichophyton , Tinea/epidemiology , Tinea/veterinary , Brazil/epidemiology , Dermatomycoses , Dog Diseases/microbiology , Cat Diseases/microbiology , Ecology , Microsporum/isolation & purification , Disease Outbreaks/statistics & numerical data , Disease Outbreaks/veterinary , Tinea/microbiology , Trichophyton/isolation & purification
18.
J. venom. anim. toxins ; 3(2): 280-6, 1997. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-201701

ABSTRACT

Worldwide occurrence of envenomation by snakebite in pregnancy is rare according to the medical literature. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the frequency of snakebite envenomation cases as well as their obstetrical consequences. Thus, we conducted this study based on the medical records of 157 patients, aged from 13 to 54 years old who had been attended at the "Joao de Barros Barreto" University Hospital from January 1989 to May 1994. These patients presented epidemiological and clinical diagnosis of snakebite envenomation. Of the 157 patients, 8 (5 per cent) were pregnant, 6 of them (75 per cent) were in the first trimester of pregnancy and 2 (25 per cent) in the 2nd trimester. Most of the victims were usually over 18 years old (7 cases, 87.5 per cent). Concerning the severity of the envenomation cases, 5 of them were considered mild accidents. Obstetrical consequences occurred in 3 (37.5 per cent) patients, 2 patients (25 per cent) with moderate manifestations, while 1 (12.5 per cent) presented severe manifestations. Patients developed vaginal bleeding in 3 cases (100 per cent), and uterine contraction, threatened abortion, decreased fetal movements, absence of fetal heartbeat and fetal death in one case (33.35 per cent). Snakebite is not common among pregnant women, since in most cases, these women are homebound. However, the obstetrical consequences are severe and related to severity of the envenomation.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adult , Adolescent , Middle Aged , Abruptio Placentae/etiology , Pregnancy Complications/physiopathology , Fetal Death/etiology , Fetal Movement , Snake Bites/complications , Snake Venoms/poisoning , Uterine Contraction , Uterine Hemorrhage/etiology , Pregnancy Trimesters , Retrospective Studies , Snake Bites
20.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 43(3): 173-177, 1984.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-23697

ABSTRACT

A frequencia das arritmias, no prolapso de valva mitral, em 51 pacientes (41 do sexo feminino e 10 do sexo masculino, com idade media de 35 anos), foi avaliada por meio de eletrocardiografia dinamica (sistema Holter) por 12 horas. Disturbios de ritmo foram evidenciado em 30 (58,8%) dos casos: arritmias ventriculares em 70,0%; taquicardia sinusal em 10%; bradicardia sinusal em 6,7%; fibrilacao atrial em 3,3%. Nao se observou correlacao significativa entre os sintomas referidos durante o exame e a presenca de arritmias. Formulam-se comentarios sobre a genese das arritmias na sindrome e sobre a indicacao terapeutica


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Arrhythmias, Cardiac , Mitral Valve Prolapse , Electrocardiography
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